ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENT

The modern definition of artificial intelligence (or AI) is "the study and design of intelligent agents" where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions which maximizes its chances of success.

John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956, defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines."

Other names for the field have been proposed, such as computational intelligence, synthetic intelligence or computational rationality.

The term artificial intelligence is also used to describe a property of machines or programs: the intelligence that the system demonstrates.

AI research uses tools and insights from many fields, including computer science, psychology, philosophy, neuroscience, cognitive science, linguistics, operations research, economics, control theory, probability, optimization and logic.

AI research also overlaps with tasks such as robotics, control systems, scheduling, data mining, logistics, speech recognition, facial recognition and many others.

Computational intelligence Computational intelligence involves iterative development or learning (e.g., parameter tuning in connectionist systems).

Learning is based on empirical data and is associated with non-symbolic AI, scruffy AI and soft computing.

Subjects in computational intelligence as defined by IEEE Computational Intelligence Society mainly include: Neural networks: trainable systems with very strong pattern recognition capabilities.

Fuzzy systems: techniques for reasoning under uncertainty, have been widely used in modern industrial and consumer product control systems; capable of working with concepts such as 'hot', 'cold', 'warm' and 'boiling'.

Evolutionary computation: applies biologically inspired concepts such as populations, mutation and survival of the fittest to generate increasingly better solutions to the problem.

These methods most notably divide into evolutionary algorithms (e.g., genetic algorithms) and swarm intelligence (e.g., ant algorithms).

With hybrid intelligent systems, attempts are made to combine these two groups.

Expert inference rules can be generated through neural network or production rules from statistical learning such as in ACT-R or CLARION.

It is thought that the human brain uses multiple techniques to both formulate and cross-check results.

Thus, systems integration is seen as promising and perhaps necessary for true AI, especially the integration of symbolic and connectionist models.

Comments

Your Cell Phone Is 10 Times Dirtier Than a Toilet Seat. Here's What to Do About It

Most people don’t give a second thought to using their cell phone everywhere , from their morning commute to the dinner table to the doctor’s office. But research shows that cell phones are far dirtier than most people think, and the more germs they collect, the more germs you touch. In fact, your own hand is the biggest culprit when it comes to putting filth on your phone. Americans check their phones about 47 times per day, according to a survey by Deloitte , which affords plenty of opportunities for microorganisms to move from your fingers to your phone. “Because people are always carrying their cell phones even in situations where they would normally wash their hands before doing anything, cell phones do tend to get pretty gross,” says Emily Martin, assistant professor of epidemiology at the University of Michigan School of Public Health. Research has varied on just how many germs are crawling on the average cell phone, but a recent study f...

7 key things you must know before you start blogging

I am not writing this article to discourage you, am only telling you the things you need to know before you start a blog. I have 10 friends that started a blog last year, 6 of them already stopped while 2 are still contemplating whether to stop or continue. If you want to create a profitable and proffesional blog, you will need to get yourself prepared as blogging is not that easy like many aspiring bloggers think it is. These are the things you need to know before starting your own blog #1.Blogging is hard, it is not for the weak : Am quite sure this will surprise you since you have already been told that blogging is the easiest job on earth, blogging requires hard-work and consistency especially when the industry is already saturated. You will need to carry out some tasks after starting your blog as this is really necessary like designing your blog, add posts on your blog, designing blog post images, improving your seo, get traffic on your blog, make money from your blog. S...

Amazing health benefit of Africa star apple

The amazing health benefits of African star apple – This amazing fruit has many impressive health benefits which include its vitamin content, weight maintenance and much more. African star apple which is also known as Udara in Igbo and Agbalumo in Yoruba is a fruit enjoyed by the Nigerians. The fleshy pulp of the fruit is eaten especially as a snack and its fruit has been found to have higher contents of ascorbic acid than orange and guava. It is also an excellent source of vitamins, irons, flavour to diets. African star apple can be useful in preventing and treating heart diseases. The bark is used for the treatment of fever and malaria, while the leaf is used as an emollient and for the treatment of skin eruption, stomachache and diarrhea.

Search This Blog